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The Rite of Spring, commonly referred to by its original French title, Le Sacre du printemps (Russian: Весна священная, Vesna svjaščennaja) is a ballet with music by the Russian composer Igor Stravinsky, which was first performed in 1913. While the Russian title literally means "Sacred Spring", the English title is based on the French title under which the work was premiered, although sacre is more precisely translated as "consecration". It has the subtitle "Pictures from Pagan Russia" (French: Tableaux de la Russie païenne).
The Rite of Spring is a series of episodes depicting a wild pagan spring ritual: "... the wise elders are seated in a circle and are observing the dance before death of the girl whom they are offering as a sacrifice to the god of Spring in order to gain his benevolence," said Stravinsky, of the imagery that prompted the genesis of the work. Though the music is capable of standing alone, and was a great success in the concert hall, in conception it is inextricably tied to the action on stage. The Rite is divided into two parts with the following scenes (there are many different English translations of the original titles; the ones given are Stravinsky's preferred wording[citation needed] followed by the original French in parenthesis):
Part I: Adoration of the Earth
Introduction The Augurs of Spring (Dances of the Young Girls) (Les augures printaniers, Danses des adolescentes) Ritual of Abduction (Jeu du rapt) Spring Rounds (Round Dance) (Rondes printanières) Ritual of the Rival Tribes (Jeu des cités rivales) Procession of the Sage (Cortège du sage) The Sage (Adoration of the Earth) (Le sage) Dance of the Earth (Danse de la terre)
Part II: The Sacrifice
Introduction Mystic Circles of the Young Girls (Cercles mystérieux des adolescentes) The Glorification of the Chosen One (Glorification de l'Élue) Evocation of the Ancestors (Évocation des ancêtres) Ritual Action of the Ancestors (Action rituelle des ancêtres) Sacrificial Dance (The Chosen One) (Danse sacrale (l'Élue)) Though the melodies draw upon folklike themes designed to evoke the feeling of songs passed down from ancient time, the only tune Stravinsky acknowledged to be directly drawn from previously-existing folk melody is the opening, first heard played by the solo bassoon. Several other themes, however, have been shown to have a striking similarity to folk tunes appearing in the Juskiewicz anthology of Lithuanian folk songs.
